Quote:A simple, commonly cited, chemical equation for the combustion of black powder is:
2 KNO3 + S + 3 C → K2S + N2 + 3 CO2
A more accurate, but still simplified, equation is:[3]
10 KNO3 + 3 S + 8 C → 2 K2CO3 + 3 K2SO4 + 6 CO2 + 5 N2
The products of burning do not follow any simple equation. One study's results showed it produced (in order of descending quantities): 55.91% solid products: potassium carbonate, potassium sulfate, potassium sulfide, sulfur, potassium nitrate, potassium thiocyanate, carbon, ammonium carbonate. 42.98% gaseous products: carbon dioxide, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen, methane, 1.11% water. However, those products that contain hydrogen are probably contamination, due to the fact that none of the reactants contain any hydrogen.
Black powder formulations where the nitrate used is sodium nitrate tend to be hygroscopic, unlike black powders where the nitrate used is saltpetre. Because of this, black powder which uses saltpetre can be stored unsealed and remain viable for centuries provided no liquid water is ever introduced; muzzleloaders have been known to fire after hanging on a wall for decades in a loaded state, provided they remained dry. By contrast, powder which uses sodium nitrate, which is typically intended for blasting, must be sealed from moisture in the air to remain stable for long periods of time.
No sulphuric acid there. Move along.......